Subchapter II. Broker-Dealers, Agents, Investment Advisers and Investment Adviser Representatives.


  • Current through October 23, 2012
  • (a) No person shall transact business in the District of Columbia ("District") as a broker-dealer or agent unless the person is licensed or exempt from licensure under this chapter.

    (b) No broker-dealer or issuer shall employ an agent to represent the broker-dealer or issuer unless the agent is licensed or exempt from licensure under this chapter. The license of an agent shall not be effective during any period when the agent is not associated with a specified broker-dealer licensed under this chapter or with a specified issuer.

    (c) No agent shall at any time represent more than one broker-dealer or issuer without the written consent of each broker-dealer or issuer. If an agent begins or terminates an association with a broker-dealer or issuer, or begins or terminates those activities which make the person an agent, the agent and the broker-dealer or issuer shall promptly notify the Commissioner.

    (d) Unless sooner terminated under this chapter or renewed, the license of a broker-dealer or agent shall expire on December 31.

    (e) No broker-dealer licensed under this chapter shall transact business in the District unless it registers at least one agent with the Department.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 201, 47 DCR 7837.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • (a) No person shall transact business in the District as an investment adviser or as an investment adviser representative unless the person is licensed, or exempt from licensure, under this chapter, or the person has no place of business in the District, and:

    (1) The person's only clients in the District are other investment advisers, federal covered advisers, broker-dealers, investment companies as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, depository institutions, insurance companies, employee benefit plans with assets of not less than $1 million, governmental agencies or instrumentalities (whether acting for themselves or as trustees with investment control), or other institutional investors as are designated by rule or order of the Commissioner; or

    (2) During the preceding 12 months, the person has had no more than 5 clients who are residents of the District and are not the types of clients described in paragraph (1) of this subsection.

    (b) No person shall:

    (1) In the case of a licensed investment adviser, employ an investment adviser representative unless the investment adviser representative is licensed under this chapter; provided, that the license of an investment adviser representative shall not be effective during any period when the investment adviser representative is not employed by a licensed investment adviser; or

    (2) In the case of a federal covered adviser, employ, supervise, or associate with an investment adviser representative having a place of business located in the District unless the investment adviser representative is licensed under this chapter or is exempt from licensure.

    (c) When an investment adviser representative begins or terminates employment with a licensed investment adviser or federal covered adviser, the investment adviser or the investment adviser representative shall promptly notify the Commissioner.

    (d) Except for advisers whose only clients are those described in subsection (a) of this section, a federal covered adviser shall not conduct advisory business in the District unless the federal covered adviser complies with § 31-5602.03(e).

    (e) Unless sooner terminated under this chapter or renewed, the license of an investment adviser and investment adviser representative, and the notice filing of each federal covered adviser, shall expire on December 31.

    (f) No investment adviser representative may be registered with more than one investment adviser unless the investment advisers which employ or associate with the investment adviser representative are under common ownership or control.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 202, 47 DCR 7837.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • (a) A broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser, or investment adviser representative may obtain an initial or renewal license by filing with the Commissioner an application and the consent to service of process required under § 31-5607.06. The application shall contain whatever information the Commissioner may, by rule, require, including:

    (1) The applicant's form and place of organization;

    (2) The applicant's proposed method of doing business;

    (3) The qualifications and business history of the applicant, and in the case of a broker-dealer or investment adviser, the qualifications and business history of any partner, officer, or director; any person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions; or any person directly or indirectly controlling the broker-dealer or investment adviser;

    (4) Any injunction or administrative order or conviction of a misdemeanor involving a security or any aspect of the securities business and any conviction of a felony;

    (5) The applicant's financial condition and history for 10 years; and

    (6) If the applicant is an investment adviser, any information to be furnished or disseminated to a client or prospective client.

    (b) If no denial order is in effect and no proceeding is pending under § 31- 5602.07, the license shall become effective no later than noon on the 30th day after the application is filed. If the application is incomplete, the Commissioner may request additional information from the applicant and delay the effective date for 30 days from the date of receipt of the requested information. The Commissioner shall consider the application withdrawn if the requested information is not received by noon on the 90th day after the request.

    (c) The licensing of a broker-dealer shall constitute the licensing of any agent who is a partner, officer, or director, or a person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions. The licensing of an investment adviser shall constitute the licensing of any investment adviser representative who is a partner, officer, or director, or a person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions.

    (d)(1) Except for a federal covered adviser whose only clients are those described in § 31-5602.02(a), a person shall not transact business as a federal covered adviser unless the person has made a notice filing with the Commissioner, which filing shall consist of:

    (A) A copy of those documents that have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that the Commissioner may, by rule or order, require;

    (B) The consent to service of process required under § 31-5607.06; and

    (C) A fee that the Commissioner may, by rule, prescribe.

    (2) A notice filing shall be effective from the date of its receipt by the Commissioner until the following December 31st and may be renewed by filing with the Commissioner those documents that have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that the Commissioner requires, by rule or order and a fee to be established by the Commissioner.

    (3) The Commissioner may, by rule or order, require a federal covered adviser who has made a notice filing under this section to file with the Commissioner copies of any amendments to documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

    (4) A notice filing may be terminated by a filing notice of termination with the Commissioner. A notice of termination shall be effective upon receipt by the Commissioner.

    (e)(1) An applicant for an initial or renewal license as a broker-dealer or agent shall pay a license filing fee as the Commissioner may, by rule, require. The applicant shall not be entitled to a refund of the fee in the event of a withdrawal or denial of the application or the failure to provide additional information requested by the Commissioner.

    (2) An applicant for an initial or renewal as an investment adviser or an investment adviser representative who is required to obtain a license shall pay a license filing fee as the Commissioner may, by rule, require. The applicant shall not be entitled to a refund of the fee in the event of a withdrawal or denial of the application or the failure to provide additional information requested by the Commissioner.

    (3) A person acting as a federal covered adviser in the District, except a federal covered adviser whose only clients are those described in § 31- 5602.02(a), shall pay an initial and renewal notice filing fee as the Commissioner may, by rule, require.

    (f) The Commissioner may, by rule or order, require a minimum net capital for a licensed broker-dealer, subject to the limitations of section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and establish minimum financial requirements for an investment adviser, subject to the limitations of section 222 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. The Commissioner may prescribe different requirements for those investment advisers who maintain custody of clients funds or securities or have discretionary authority over these funds or securities and those investment advisers who do not have such custody or authority.

    (g)(1) The Commissioner may, by rule or order:

    (A) Require a licensed broker-dealer or agent, or a licensed investment adviser or representative who has custody of or discretionary authority over client funds or securities, to post a surety bond or deposit cash or any other equivalent form of security in such amounts as the Commissioner may require, subject to the limitations of section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in the case of a broker-dealer, and section 222 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 in the case of an investment adviser; and

    (B) Determine the conditions of such bond or equivalent security.

    (2) A surety bond or equivalent form of security shall provide that:

    (A) No action may be maintained to enforce a liability on the bond or equivalent form of security unless brought within 2 years after the contract of sale or other act on which the action is based; and

    (B) The liability of the surety on the bond or equivalent form of security to all persons aggrieved shall not exceed, in the aggregate, the penal sum of the bond.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 203, 47 DCR 7837.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • (a)(1) A licensed broker-dealer shall make and keep such accounts, correspondence, memoranda, papers, books, and other records as the Commissioner may, by rule, require.

    (2) The authority of the Commissioner to adopt rules under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be subject to the limitations of section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act 1934.

    (3) A licensed investment adviser shall make and keep such accounts, correspondence, memoranda, papers, books, and other records as the Commissioner may by rule require.

    (4) The authority of the Commissioner to adopt rules under paragraph (3) of this subsection shall be subject to the limitations of section 222 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.

    (b)(1) With respect to investment advisers, the Commissioner may, by rule or order, require that certain information be furnished or disseminated as appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of investors and advisory clients.

    (2) Information furnished to clients or prospective clients of a licensed investment adviser that complies with the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and the rules promulgated under that Act may be used in whole or partial satisfaction of the requirement in paragraph (1) of this subsection.

    (c) A licensed broker-dealer or investment adviser shall file such financial reports as the Commissioner may, by rule or order, prescribe, except as provided by section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act 1934 in the case of a broker-dealer and section 222 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 in the case of an investment adviser.

    (d) If the information contained in any document filed with the Commissioner is, or becomes, inaccurate or incomplete in any material respect, a licensed broker-dealer or investment adviser shall promptly file a correcting amendment with the Commissioner, and a federal covered adviser shall file a correcting amendment when required to do so with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 204, 47 DCR 7837.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • (a) A licensed broker-dealer or investment adviser or federal covered adviser shall file an application for the license or a notice filing, as applicable, of a successor, whether or not the successor is then in existence. There shall be no fee for the license or notice filing of the successor.

    (b) If a broker-dealer or investment adviser succeeds to, and continues the business of, a licensed broker-dealer or investment adviser, or a federal covered adviser succeeds to and continues the business of, a federal covered adviser who has made a notice filing, and the successor files an application for a license or a notice filing, as applicable, within 30 days after the succession, the license or notice filing of the predecessor remains effective as the license or notice filing of the successor for 60 days after the succession.

    (c) The licensing of a licensed agent of the broker-dealer filing an application under subsections (a) or (b) of this section continues without a separate filing or fee upon the licensing of the successor.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 205, 47 DCR 7837.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • (a) The Commissioner may, in a manner reasonable under the circumstances, examine, audit, or inspect the books and records, within or without the District, of a licensed broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser, or investment adviser representative as the Commissioner considers necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of investors or to determine compliance with this chapter. All licensed broker-dealers, agents, and investment advisers shall make their books and records available to the Commissioner in legible form.

    (b) The Commissioner may copy records, or require a licensed person to copy records and provide the copies to the Commissioner, to the extent and in a manner reasonable under the circumstances.

    (c) The Commissioner may impose a reasonable fee for the expense of conducting an examination, inspection, or audit under this section.

    (d) For the purpose of avoiding unnecessary duplication of examinations, the Commissioner may cooperate with the securities administrators of other states, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any self-regulatory organization.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 206, 47 DCR 7837.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • (a) The Commissioner may, by order, deny, suspend, or revoke a license if the Commissioner finds that the order is in the public interest and the applicant or licensed person or, in the case of a broker-dealer or investment adviser, a partner, officer, or director, or a person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions, or a person directly or indirectly controlling the broker-dealer or investment adviser:

    (1) Has filed an application for licensure with the Commissioner which, as of its effective date, or as of any date after filing in the case of an order denying effectiveness, was incomplete in any material respect or contained a statement that was, in light of the circumstances under which it was made, false or misleading with respect to any material fact;

    (2) Has violated or failed to comply with this chapter, the District of Columbia Securities Act, approved August 30, 1964 (78 Stat. 620; § 3-3601 et seq.) ("1964 Act"), the Investment Advisers Act of 1992, effective March 17, 1993 (D.C. Law 9-216; § 3-3701 et seq.) ("1992 Act"), or any insurance law in the District, or a rule or order promulgated under this chapter, the 1964 Act, the 1992 Act, or any insurance law in the District;

    (3) Has been convicted within the past 10 years of a felony or of an offense that:

    (A) Involves making a false statement under oath, making a false report, bribery, perjury, theft, or attempt or conspiracy to commit any of these offenses;

    (B) Arises out of the conduct of business as, employment by, or association with, a broker-dealer, investment adviser, depository institution, insurer, agency, fiduciary, accountant, real estate broker, or an entity or person required to be registered under the Commodity Exchange Act; or

    (C) Involves larceny, theft, robbery, extortion, forgery, counterfeiting, fraudulent concealment, embezzlement, fraudulent conversion, misappropriation of funds or securities, or an attempt or conspiracy to commit any of these offenses;

    (4) Is permanently or temporarily enjoined by a court of competent jurisdiction from engaging in or continuing any conduct or practice (A) as an investment adviser, underwriter, broker-dealer, or as an affiliated person or employee of an investment company, depository institution, or insurance company, or from (B) in connection with any of the foregoing activities or any aspect of the securities business;

    (5) Is the subject of an order of the Commissioner denying, suspending, or revoking the person's license as a broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser, or investment adviser representative;

    (6) Is the subject of an order entered within the past 10 years by a securities administrator or any other financial services regulator of another state, by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or by the National Association of Securities Dealers, suspending, denying or revoking the license or registration as a broker-dealer, investment adviser, investment adviser representative, or agent, or the substantial equivalent of these terms as defined in this chapter, or any other financial services license or registration;

    (7) Is the subject of an order by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission denying, suspending, or revoking registration under the Commodity Exchange Act; is the subject of a United States Postal Service fraud order; or is suspended or expelled from membership in, or association with a member of, a self-regulatory organization;

    (8) Is the subject of an order of a court of competent jurisdiction finding that the person has willfully violated the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Commodity Exchange Act, or the securities or insurance law of another state, but only if the act constituting the violation of that state's law would violate this chapter if the act occurred in the District;

    (9) Has engaged in an unethical or dishonest practice in the securities business as the Commissioner may, by rule, define;

    (10) Never had or has failed to maintain the minimum net capital required by SEC Rule 15c3-1, 17 C.F.R. § 240.15c3-1.

    (11) Is determined by the Commissioner, in accordance with § 31-5602.08, not to be qualified because of lack of training, experience, knowledge of the securities or insurance business, or failure to comply with the continuing education requirements established by the New York Stock Exchange, other self-regulatory agency, or National Association of Securities Dealers;

    (12) Has failed reasonably to supervise a sales representative or employee;

    (13) Has failed to pay the proper filing fee within 30 days after being notified by the Commissioner of a deficiency; provided, that the Commissioner shall vacate an order under this paragraph when the deficiency is corrected; or

    (14) In the conduct of his or her affairs under the license, the licensee has shown himself or herself to be incompetent, untrustworthy, or financially irresponsible.

    (b) The Commissioner shall not begin a proceeding to revoke or suspend a license under this section on the basis of a fact or transaction known to the Commissioner when the license became effective unless the proceeding is begun within 90 days after the license became effective.

    (c) If the Commissioner finds that an applicant or licensed person is no longer in existence, has ceased to do business as a broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser, or investment adviser representative, is adjudicated mentally incompetent or subjected to the control of a committee, conservator, or guardian, or cannot be located after reasonable search, the Commissioner may, by order, deny the application or revoke the license.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 207, 47 DCR 7837; June 25, 2002, D.C. Law 14-150, § 2(b), 49 DCR 4238.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Effect of Amendments

    D.C. Law 14-150, in subsec. (a)(11), substituted "established by the New York Stock Exchange, other self-regulatory agency, or" for "established by the"; and rewrote subsec. (a)(10) which had read as follows:

    "(10) Is insolvent, either because liabilities exceed assets or because obligations cannot be met as they mature, but the Commissioner may not enter an order against a broker-dealer or investment adviser under this paragraph without a finding of insolvency as to the broker-dealer or investment adviser;"

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

    For Law 14-150, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • A determination by the Commissioner that an applicant or licensed person lacks qualification shall be made subject to the following limitations and considerations:

    (1) The Commissioner may not enter an order against a broker-dealer on the basis of the lack of qualification of a person other than the broker-dealer if the broker-dealer is an individual.

    (2) The Commissioner may not enter an order against an investment adviser on the basis of the lack of qualification of a person other than the investment adviser if the investment adviser is an individual.

    (3) The Commissioner may not enter an order solely because of lack of experience of the applicant or licensed person if the applicant or licensed person is qualified by training or knowledge.

    (4) An agent who will work under the supervision of a licensed broker-dealer need not have the same qualifications as a broker-dealer and an investment adviser representative who will work under the supervision of a licensed investment adviser need not have the same qualifications as an investment adviser.

    (5) An investment adviser is not qualified solely on the basis of experience as a broker-dealer or agent. If the Commissioner finds an applicant for initial or renewal licensure as a broker-dealer is not qualified as an investment adviser, the Commissioner may, by order, condition the applicant's licensure as a broker-dealer upon the broker-dealer not transacting business in the District as an investment adviser.

    (6) The Commissioner may, by rule, provide for an examination, which may be written, oral, or both, to be taken by any class of, or all, applicants. The Commissioner may, by rule or order, waive the examination requirement as to a person or class of persons if the Commissioner determines that the examination is not necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of investors.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 208, 47 DCR 7837.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • (a) Withdrawal from licensing as a broker-dealer, agent, investment adviser, or investment adviser representative shall be effective 30 days after the receipt by the Commissioner of an application to withdraw or within any shorter period the Commissioner, by order, determines, unless:

    (1) A revocation or suspension proceeding is pending when the withdrawal application is filed; or

    (2) A proceeding to revoke or suspend or to impose conditions upon the withdrawal is instituted within 30 days after the withdrawal application is filed.

    (b) If a proceeding is pending or instituted, the withdrawal shall be effective at the time and upon the conditions that the Commissioner, by order, determines. If no proceeding is pending or instituted and the withdrawal becomes effective, the Commissioner may institute a proceeding under § 31- 5602.07 within one year after the withdrawal became effective and enter an order as of the last date on which the license was effective.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 209, 47 DCR 7837.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 13-203, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • (a) A Canadian broker-dealer may be licensed under this section if the broker-dealer:

    (1) Has its principal office located in a province or territory of Canada that provides at least equivalent registration for a broker-dealer that is resident in the United States;

    (2) Is resident in Canada and does not have an office or physical presence in the United States;

    (3) Files an application in the form required by the jurisdiction in which the broker-dealer has its principal office;

    (4) Files a written consent to service of process under § 31-5607.06;

    (5) Is registered as a broker or dealer in good standing in the jurisdiction from which the broker-dealer is effecting transactions in the District and files evidence of the registration; and

    (6) Is a member of a self-regulating organization or stock exchange in Canada.

    (b) An agent may be licensed under this section if the agent represents a Canadian broker-dealer that is licensed under this section, and the agent:

    (1) Files an application in the form required by the jurisdiction in which the broker-dealer has its principal office;

    (2) Files a written consent to service of process under section § 31- 5607.06; and

    (3) Is registered and files evidence of good standing in the jurisdiction from which the agent is effecting transactions into the District.

    (c) If no denial order is in effect and no proceeding is pending under § 31- 5602.07, the license shall become effective no later than noon on the 30th day after an application is filed. If the application is incomplete, the Commissioner may request additional information from the applicant and delay the effective date for 30 days from the date of receipt of the request for information.

    (d)(1) A broker-dealer licensed under this section may effect transactions in securities with or for or induce or attempt to induce the purchase or sale of a security by a person from Canada who is:

    (A) Temporarily resident in the District and with whom the Canadian broker-dealer had a bona fide broker-dealer-client relationship before the person entered the United States; or

    (B) A resident in the District and whose transactions are in a self- directed tax-advantaged retirement plan in Canada of which the person is the holder or contributor.

    (2) A Canadian broker-dealer or agent licensed under this section shall not effect transactions in the District unless it is:

    (A) Authorized in paragraph (1) of this subsection;

    (B) With or through:

    (i) The issuers of the securities involved in the transactions;

    (ii) Other broker-dealers; or

    (iii) Banks, savings institutions, trust companies, insurance companies, investment companies as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, approved August 22, 1946 (54 Stat. 789; 15 U.S.C. § 80a-1 et seq.), pension or profit-sharing trusts, or other financial institutions or institutional investor, whether acting for themselves or as trustees; or

    (C) As otherwise permitted by the Commissioner in any rule or order.

    (e) An agent licensed under this section may effect transactions in securities in the District of Columbia as permitted for the Canadian broker-dealer licensed under this section.

    (f) A Canadian broker-dealer licensed under this section shall:

    (1) Maintain provincial or territorial registration and membership in good standing in a self-regulating organization or stock exchange;

    (2) Provide the Commissioner on request with books and records relating to its business in the District as a broker-dealer;

    (3) Inform the Commissioner promptly of any criminal action taken against the broker-dealer or of any finding or sanction imposed on the broker-dealer as a result of regulatory action, including that of a self-regulating organization, involving fraud, theft, deceit, misrepresentation, or similar conduct; and

    (4) Disclose to its clients in the District that the broker-dealer and its agents are not subject to the full regulatory requirements of the District.

    (g) An agent of a Canadian broker-dealer licensed under this section shall:

    (1) Maintain provincial or territorial registration in good standing; and

    (2) Inform the Commissioner promptly of any criminal action taken against the agent or of any finding or sanction imposed on the broker-dealer or agent as a result of regulatory action, including that of a self-regulating organization, involving fraud, theft, deceit, misrepresentation, or similar conduct.

    (h) Renewal applications for Canadian broker-dealers and agents under this section shall be filed annually before December 1 and may be made by filing the most recent renewal application, if any, filed in the jurisdiction in which the broker-dealer has its principal office or, if a renewal application is not required, the most recent application filed under subsection (a)(1) or (b)(1) of this section.

    (i) An applicant for an initial license or renewal under this section shall pay the fee for broker-dealers and agents required by rules issued by the Commissioner.

    (j) A Canadian broker-dealer or agent licensed under this section and acting in accordance with the limitations in subsection (d) or (e) of this section shall be exempt from all of the requirements of this chapter, except the provisions of subchapters V and VI.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 210, as added June 25, 2002, D.C. Law 14-150, § 2(c), 49 DCR 4238.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 14-150, see notes following § 31-5601.01.

  • Current through October 23, 2012 Back to Top
  • The Commissioner may, by rule or order, establish continuing education requirements for investment adviser representatives.

    (Oct. 26, 2000, D.C. Law 13-203, § 211, as added June 25, 2002, D.C. Law 14-150, § 2(d), 49 DCR 4238.)

    HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

    Legislative History of Laws

    For Law 14-150, see notes following § 31-5601.01.