This subchapter shall apply to the investment and investment practices of domestic fire, casualty, and marine insurers.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 301, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a)(1) Subject to all other limitations and requirements of this chapter, a fire, casualty, and marine insurer shall maintain an amount at least equal to 100% of adjusted loss reserves and loss adjustment expense reserves, 100% of adjusted unearned premium reserves, and 100% of statutorily required policy and contract reserves in:
(A) Cash and cash equivalents;
(B) High and medium grade investments that qualify under § 31-1373.04 or § 31-1373.05;
(C) Equity interests that qualify under § 31-1373.06 and that are traded on a qualified exchange;
(D) Investments of the type set forth in § 31-1373.10 if the investments are rated in the highest generic rating category by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization recognized by the SVO for rating foreign jurisdictions and if any foreign currency exposure is effectively hedged through the maturity date of the investments;
(E) Qualifying investments of the type set forth in subparagraphs (B), (C), or (D) of this paragraph that are acquired under § 31-1373.12;
(F) Interest and dividends receivable on qualifying investments of the type set forth in subparagraphs (A) through (E) of this paragraph; or
(G) Reinsurance recoverable on paid losses.
(2)(A) For purposes of determining the amount of assets to be maintained under this subsection, the calculation of adjusted loss reserves, loss adjustment expense reserves, adjusted unearned premium reserves, and statutorily required policy and contract reserves shall be based on the amounts reported to the Commissioner on its most recent annual or quarterly statement.
(B)(i) Adjusted loss reserves and loss adjustment expense reserves shall be calculated as follows:
(I) The losses and loss adjustment expenses reported by the insurer as unpaid for each accident year for each individual line of business ("unpaid losses"); multiplied by
(II) The discount factor that is applicable to the line of business and accident year published by the Internal Revenue Service under section 846 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, approved October 22, 1986 (100 Stat. 2399; 26 U.S.C. § 846), for the calendar year that corresponds to the most recent annual statement of the insurer; less
(III) Accrued retrospective premiums discounted by an average discount factor, which shall be calculated by dividing the unpaid losses, discounted (as provided under sub-sub-subparagraph (II) of this sub-subparagraph), by the unpaid losses.
(ii) For purposes of these calculations, the unpaid losses shall be net of anticipated salvage and subrogation and gross of any discount for the time value of money or tabular discount.
(C) Adjusted unearned premium reserves shall be equal to:
(i) The amount reported by the insurer as unearned premium reserves; less
(ii) The admitted asset amounts reported by the insurer as:
(I) Premiums, and agents' balances, in the course of collection, accident and health premiums due and unpaid, and uncollected premiums for accident and health premiums;
(II) Premiums, agents' balances, and installments booked but deferred and not yet due; and
(III) Bills receivable taken for premium.
(D) Statutorily required policy and contract reserves shall include the amounts required by Chapter 19 of Title 31.
(b) A fire, casualty, and marine insurer shall supplement its annual statement with a reconciliation and summary of its assets and reserve requirements as required under subsection (a) of this section. A reconciliation and summary showing that an insurer's assets as required under subsection (a) of this section are at least equal to its undiscounted reserves required under subsection (a) of this section shall be sufficient to satisfy this requirement. Upon prior notification, the Commissioner may require an insurer to submit the reconciliation and summary with any quarterly statement filed during the calendar year.
(c) If a fire, casualty, and marine insurer's assets and reserves is not in compliance with subsection (a) of this section, the insurer shall notify the Commissioner immediately of the amount by which the reserve requirements exceed the annual statement value of the qualifying assets, explain why the deficiency exists, and, within 30 days of the date of the notice, propose a plan of action to remedy the deficiency.
(d)(1) If the Commissioner determines that an insurer is not in compliance with subsection (a) of this section, the Commissioner shall require the insurer to eliminate the condition causing the noncompliance within a specified time from the date that the notice of the Commissioner's requirement is mailed or delivered to the insurer.
(2) If an insurer fails to comply with the Commissioner's requirement under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the insurer shall be deemed to be in hazardous financial condition and the Commissioner shall take one or more of the actions authorized by law as to insurers in hazardous financial condition.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 302, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a)(1) Except as otherwise specified in this chapter, an insurer shall not acquire, directly or indirectly through an investment subsidiary, an investment under this chapter if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the insurer would hold more than 5% of its admitted assets in investments of all kinds issued, assumed, accepted, insured, or guaranteed by a single person.
(2) The 5% limitation shall not apply to the aggregate amounts insured by a single financial guaranty insurer with the highest generic rating issued by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization.
(3) Asset-backed securities shall not be subject to the limitations of paragraph (1) of this subsection; provided, that an insurer shall not acquire an asset-backed security if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the aggregate amount of asset-backed securities secured by or evidencing an interest in a single asset or single pool of assets held by a trust or other business entity, held by the insurer would exceed 5% of its admitted assets.
(b)(1) An insurer shall not acquire, directly or indirectly through an investment subsidiary, an investment under § 31-1373.04, § 31-1373.07, or § 31-1373.10, or counterparty exposure under § 31-1373.11(d) if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment:
(A) The aggregate amount of all medium and lower grade investments held by the insurer would exceed 20% of its admitted assets;
(B) The aggregate amount of lower grade investments held by the insurer would exceed 10% of its admitted assets;
(C) The aggregate amount of investments rated 5 or 6 by the SVO held by the insurer would exceed 5% of its admitted assets;
(D) The aggregate amount of investments rated 6 by the SVO held by the insurer would exceed one percent of its admitted assets; or
(E) The aggregate amount of medium and lower grade investments held by the insurer that receive as cash income less than the equivalent yield for Treasury issues with a comparative average life would exceed one percent of its admitted assets.
(2) An insurer shall not acquire, directly or indirectly through an investment subsidiary, an investment under § 31-1373.04, § 31-1373.07, or § 31- 1373.10, or counterparty exposure under § 31-1373.11(d) if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment:
(A) The aggregate amount of medium and lower grade investments issued, assumed, guaranteed, accepted, or insured by any one person or, as to asset-backed securities secured by or evidencing an interest in a single asset or pool of assets, held by the insurer would exceed one percent of its admitted assets; or
(B) The aggregate amount of lower grade investments issued, assumed, guaranteed, accepted, or insured by any one person or, as to asset-backed securities secured by or evidencing an interest in a single asset or pool of assets, held by the insurer would exceed 0.5% of its admitted assets.
(3) If an insurer attains or exceeds the limit of any one rating category under this subsection, the insurer shall not be precluded from acquiring investments in other rating categories subject to the specific and multi-category limits applicable to those investments.
(c)(1) An insurer shall not acquire, directly or indirectly through an investment subsidiary, a Canadian investment authorized by this chapter if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment:
(A) The aggregate amount of these investments held by the insurer would exceed 40% of its admitted assets; or
(B) The aggregate amount of Canadian investments not acquired under § 31- 1373.04(b) held by the insurer would exceed 25% of its admitted assets.
(2) As to an insurer that is authorized to do business in Canada or that has outstanding insurance, annuity, or reinsurance contracts on lives or risks resident or located in Canada and denominated in Canadian currency, the limitations of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be increased by the greater of:
(A) The amount the insurer is required by Canadian law to invest in Canada or to be denominated in Canadian currency; or
(B) One hundred twenty-five percent of the amount of its reserves and other obligations under contracts on risks resident or located in Canada.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 303, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03(b) and subsection (f) of this section, but not to the limitations of § 31-1373.03(a), an insurer may acquire rated credit instruments issued, assumed, guaranteed, or insured by:
(1) The United States; or
(2) A government-sponsored enterprise of the United States if the instruments of the government-sponsored enterprise are assumed, guaranteed, or insured by the United States or are otherwise backed or supported by the full faith and credit of the United States.
(b)(1) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03(b), but not to the limitations of § 31-1373.03(a), an insurer may acquire rated credit instruments issued, assumed, guaranteed, or insured by:
(A) Canada; or
(B) A government-sponsored enterprise of Canada if the instruments of the government-sponsored enterprise are assumed, guaranteed, or insured by Canada or are otherwise backed or supported by the full faith and credit of Canada;
(2) An insurer shall not acquire an instrument under this subsection if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the aggregate amount of investments held by the insurer under this subsection would exceed 40% of its admitted assets.
(c)(1) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03(b) and paragraph (2) of this subsection, but not to the limitations of § 31-1373.03(a), an insurer may acquire rated credit instruments, excluding asset-backed securities:
(A) Issued by a government money market mutual fund, a class one money market mutual fund, or a class one bond mutual fund;
(B) Issued, assumed, guaranteed, or insured by a government-sponsored enterprise of the United States other than those eligible under subsection (a) of this section;
(C) Issued, assumed, guaranteed, or insured by a state if the instruments are general obligations of the state; or
(D) Issued by a multilateral development bank.
(2) An insurer shall not acquire an instrument of any fund, enterprise, or entity, or state under this subsection if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the aggregate amount of investments held in any one fund, enterprise or entity or state under this subsection would exceed 10% of its admitted assets.
(d) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, an insurer may acquire preferred stocks that are not foreign investments and that meet the requirements of rated credit instruments if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment:
(1) The aggregate amount of preferred stocks held by the insurer under this subsection does not exceed 20% of its admitted assets; and
(2) The aggregate amount of preferred stocks held by the insurer under this subsection which are not sinking fund stocks or rated P1 or P2 by the SVO does not exceed 10% of its admitted assets.
(e) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, in addition to those investments eligible under subsections (a), (b),(c), and (d) of this section, an insurer may acquire rated credit instruments that are not foreign investments.
(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an insurer shall not acquire special rated credit instruments under this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the aggregate amount of special rated credit instruments held by the insurer would exceed 5% of its admitted assets.
(g) For purposes of this section, obligations of Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and other mortgage related securities as defined in section 106 of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, approved October 3, 1984 (98 Stat. 1691;15 U.S.C. § 77r-1), may be acquired to the same extent as allowed under subsection (a) of this section, whether or not they are rated credit instruments authorized in § 31-1373.04(a).
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 304, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a) An insurer may acquire investments in investment pools that invest only in:
(1) Obligations that are rated 1 or 2 by the SVO or have an equivalent of an SVO 1 or 2 rating (or, in the absence of a 1 or 2 rating or equivalent rating, the issuer has outstanding obligations with an SVO 1 or 2 or equivalent rating) by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization recognized by the SVO and have:
(A) A remaining maturity not exceeding 397 days or a put that entitles the holder to receive the principal amount of the obligation, which put may be exercised through maturity at specified intervals not exceeding 397 days; or
(B) A remaining maturity not exceeding 3 years, and a floating interest rate that resets no less frequently than quarterly on the basis of a current short-term index (including federal funds, prime rate, treasury bills, London InterBank Offered Rate, or commercial paper) and is subject to no maximum limit, if the obligations do not have an interest rate that varies inversely to market interest rate changes;
(2) Government money market mutual funds or class one money market mutual funds; or
(3) Securities lending, repurchase, and reverse repurchase transactions that meet all the requirements of § 31-1373.09 other than the quantitative limitations of 31-1373.09(d); or
(4) Investments which an insurer may acquire under this chapter if the insurer's proportionate interest in the amount invested in these investments does not exceed the applicable limits of this chapter.
(b) For an investment in an investment pool to be qualified under this chapter, the investment pool shall not:
(1) Acquire securities issued, assumed, guaranteed, or insured by the insurer or an affiliate of the insurer;
(2) Borrow or incur any indebtedness for borrowed money, except for securities lending and reverse repurchase transactions that meet the requirements of § 31-1373.09 other than the quantitative limitations of § 31-1373.09(d); or
(3) Permit the aggregate value of securities then loaned or sold to, purchased from, or invested in any one business entity under this section to exceed 10% of the total assets of the investment pool.
(c) The limitations of § 31-1373.03(a) shall not apply to an insurer's investment in an investment pool; provided, that an insurer shall not acquire an investment in an investment pool under this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the aggregate amount of investments held by the insurer under this section:
(1) In any one investment pool would exceed 10% of its admitted assets;
(2) In all investment pools investing in investments permitted under subsection (a)(2) of this section, would exceed 25% of its admitted assets; or
(3) In all investment pools would exceed 40% of its admitted assets.
(d) For an investment in an investment pool to be qualified under this chapter, the manager of the investment pool shall:
(1) Be organized under the laws of the United States or a state and designated as the pool manager in a pooling agreement;
(2)(A) Be the insurer; an affiliated insurer or a business entity affiliated with the insurer; a qualified bank; a business entity registered under the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, approved August 22, 1984 (54 Stat. 789;15 U.S.C. § 80a-1 et seq.);
(B) In the case of a reciprocal insurer or interinsurance exchange, be its attorney-in-fact; or
(C) In the case of a United States branch of a non-U.S. insurer, be its United States manager or affiliates or subsidiaries of its United States manager;
(3) Compile and maintain detailed accounting records setting forth:
(A) The cash receipts and disbursements reflecting each participant's proportionate investment in the investment pool;
(B) A complete description of all underlying assets of the investment pool (including amount, interest rate, maturity date, if any, and other appropriate designations); and
(C) Other records which, on a daily basis, allow third parties to verify each participant's investment in the investment pool; and
(4) Maintain the assets of the investment pool in one or more accounts, in the name of or on behalf of the investment pool, under a custody agreement with a qualified bank, which custody agreement shall:
(A) State and recognize the claims and rights of each participant;
(B) Acknowledge that the underlying assets of the investment pool are held solely for the benefit of each participant in proportion to the aggregate amount of its investments in the investment pool; and
(C) Contain an agreement that the underlying assets of the investment pool shall not be commingled with the general assets of the custodian qualified bank or any other person.
(e) The pooling agreement for each investment pool shall be in writing and shall provide that:
(1) An insurer and its affiliated insurers; in the case of an investment pool investing solely in investments permitted under subsection (a)(1) of this section, the insurer and its subsidiaries, affiliates, or any pension or profit-sharing plan of the insurer, its subsidiaries, and affiliates; and, in the case of a United States branch of a non-U.S. insurer, affiliates or subsidiaries of its United States manager, shall, at all times, hold 100% of the interests in the investment pool;
(2) The underlying assets of the investment pool shall not be commingled with the general assets of the pool manager or any other person;
(3) In proportion to the aggregate amount of each pool participant's interest in the investment pool:
(A) Each participant owns an undivided interest in the investment pool underlying assets; and
(B) The underlying assets of the investment pool are held solely for the benefit of each participant;
(4) A participant, or in the event of the participant's insolvency, bankruptcy, or receivership, its trustee, receiver, or other successor-in-interest, may withdraw all or any portion of its investment from the investment pool under the terms of the pooling agreement;
(5) Withdrawals may be made on demand without penalty or other assessment on any business day; provided, that settlement of funds shall occur within a reasonable and customary period thereafter not to exceed 5 business days; and
(6) The pool manager shall make the records of the investment pool available for inspection by the Commissioner.
(f) Distributions under subsection (e)(5) of this section shall be calculated net of all applicable fees and expenses of the investment pool. The pooling agreement shall provide that the pool manager may distribute to a participant, at the discretion of the pool manager:
(1) In cash, the fair market value of the participant's pro rata share of each underlying asset of the investment pool;
(2) In kind, a pro rata share of each underlying asset; or
(3) In a combination of cash and in kind distributions, a pro rata share in each underlying asset.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 305, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, an insurer may acquire equity interests in business entities organized under the laws of any domestic jurisdiction.
(b) An insurer shall not acquire an investment under this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the aggregate amount of investments held by the insurer under this section would exceed the greater of 25% of its admitted assets or 100% of its surplus as regards policyholders.
(c) An insurer shall not acquire under this section any investments that the insurer may acquire under § 31-1373.08.
(d) An insurer shall not short sell equity investments unless the insurer covers the short sale by owning the equity investment or an unrestricted right to the equity instrument exercisable within 6 months of the short sale.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 306, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a)(1) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, an insurer may acquire tangible personal property or equity interests therein, which property or interests are located or used wholly or in part within a domestic jurisdiction, directly or indirectly, through:
(A) Limited partnership interests and general partnership interests not otherwise prohibited by section § 31-1371.05;
(B) Joint ventures;
(C) Stock of an investment subsidiary;
(D) Membership interests in a limited liability company;
(E) Trust certificates; or
(F) Other similar instruments.
(2) Investments acquired under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be eligible only if:
(A) The property is subject to a lease or other agreement with a person whose rated credit instruments the insurer could acquire under § 31-1373.04 for a price equal to the purchase price of the personal property; and
(B) The lease or other agreement provides the insurer the right to receive rental, purchase, or other fixed payments for the use or purchase of the property, and the aggregate value of the payments, together with the estimated residual value of the property at the end of its useful life and the estimated tax benefits to the insurer resulting from ownership of the property, shall be at least equal to the cost of the insurer's investment in the property, plus a return considered adequate by the insurer.
(b) The insurer shall compute the amount of each investment under this section on the basis of the cash purchase price and applicable related expenses paid by the insurer for the investment, net of each borrowing made to finance the purchase price and expenses to the extent the borrowing is nonrecourse to the insurer.
(c) An insurer shall not acquire an investment under this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the aggregate amount of all investments held by the insurer under this section would exceed:
(1) Two percent of its admitted assets; or
(2) One half of one percent of its admitted assets as to any single item of tangible personal property.
(d) For purposes of determining compliance with the limitations of § 31- 1373.03:
(1) Investments acquired by an insurer under this section shall be aggregated with those acquired under § 31-1373.04; and
(2) Each lessee of the property under a lease referred to in this section shall be deemed the issuer of an obligation in the amount of the investment of the insurer in the property determined as provided under subsection (b) of this section.
(e) This section shall not be applicable to a lease of tangible personal property between an insurer and its subsidiaries or affiliates under a cost sharing arrangement or agreement permitted under subchapter I of Chapter 7 of Title 31.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 307, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a)(1) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, an insurer may acquire, directly or indirectly, through limited partnership interests and general partnership interests not otherwise prohibited by § 31-1371.05, joint ventures, stock of an investment subsidiary, membership interests in a limited liability company, trust certificates, or other similar instruments, obligations secured by a first mortgage on real estate situated within a domestic jurisdiction; provided, that a mortgage loan which is secured by a subordinate lien shall not be acquired unless the insurer is the holder of the first lien. The obligations held by the insurer and any obligations with an equal lien priority, shall not, at the time of acquisition of the obligation, exceed:
(A) Ninety percent of the fair market value of the real estate if the mortgage loan is secured by a purchase money mortgage or like security received by the insurer upon disposition of the real estate;
(B) Eighty percent of the fair market value of the real estate if the mortgage loan requires immediate scheduled payment in periodic installments of principal and interest, has an amortization period not exceeding 30 years, periodic payments made no less frequently than annually; provided, that:
(i) Each periodic payment shall be sufficient to assure that at all times the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage loan shall be not greater than the outstanding principal balance which would be outstanding under a mortgage loan with the same original principal balance, with the same interest rate and requiring equal payments of principal and interest with the same frequency over the same amortization period;
(ii) Mortgage loans permitted under this paragraph shall be permitted notwithstanding the fact that they provide for a payment of the principal balance prior to the end of the period of amortization of the loan;
(iii) For residential mortgage loans, the 80% limitation shall be 97% if acceptable private mortgage insurance has been obtained; or
(C) Seventy-five percent of the fair market value of the real estate for mortgage loans that do not meet the requirements of subparagraphs (A) or (B) of this paragraph.
(2) For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, the amount of an obligation required to be included in the calculation of the loan-to-value ratio may be reduced to the extent the obligation is insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed by the Administrator of Veterans Affairs, or their successors.
(3) A mortgage loan that is held by an insurer under § 31-1371.03(f) or acquired under this section and is restructured in a manner that meets the requirements of a restructured mortgage loan in accordance with the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual, or successor publication, shall continue to qualify as a mortgage loan.
(4) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, credit lease transactions that do not qualify for investment under § 31-1373.04 shall be exempt from the provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection if their terms are as follows:
(A) The loan balance at the end of the initial term of the lease will not exceed the original appraised value of the real estate;
(B) The lease payments equal or exceed the total debt service over the term of the loan;
(C) A tenant or its affiliated entity whose rated credit instruments have a SVO 1 or 2 designation or a comparable rating from a nationally recognized statistical rating organization recognized by the SVO is obligated to make the lease payments;
(D) The insurer holds, or is the beneficial holder of, a first lien mortgage on the real estate;
(E) The expenses of the maintenance and operation of the real estate, excluding exterior, structural, parking, and heating, ventilation and air conditioning replacement expenses, are passed through to the tenant, or annual escrow contributions from the lease payments equal or exceed the deficiencies in any such expense; and
(F) There is a perfected assignment of the rents due under the lease to, or for the benefit of, the insurer.
(b)(1) An insurer may acquire, manage, and dispose of real estate situated in a domestic jurisdiction, directly or indirectly, through limited partnership interests and general partnership interests not otherwise prohibited by § 31-1371.05, joint ventures, stock of an investment subsidiary, membership interests in a limited liability company, trust certificates, or other similar instruments. The real estate shall be income-producing or intended for improvement or development for investment purposes under an existing program.
(2) The real estate may be subject to mortgages, liens, other encumbrances, the amount of which shall, to the extent that the obligations secured by the mortgages, liens, or encumbrances are nonrecourse to the insurer, be deducted from the amount of the investment of the insurer in the real estate for purposes of determining compliance with subsection (d)(2) and (d)(3) of this section.
(c)(1) An insurer may acquire, manage, and dispose of real estate for the convenient accommodation of the business operations, including home office, branch office, and field office operations of the insurer, its affiliates, or subsidiaries.
(2) Real estate acquired under this subsection may include excess space for rent to others if the excess space, valued at its fair market value, would otherwise be a permitted investment under subsection (b) of this section and is so qualified by the insurer.
(3) The real estate acquired under this subsection may be subject to one or more mortgages, liens, or other encumbrances, the amount of which shall, to the extent that the obligations secured by the mortgages, liens, or encumbrances are nonrecourse to the insurer, be deducted from the amount of the investment of the insurer in the real estate for purposes of determining compliance with subsection (d)(4) of this section.
(4) For purposes of this subsection, business operations shall not include that portion of real estate used for the direct provision of health care services by an insurer whose insurance premiums and required statutory reserves for accident and health insurance constitute at least 95% of total premium considerations or total statutory required reserves, respectively. An insurer may acquire real estate used for these purposes under subsection (b) of this section.
(d)(1) An insurer shall not acquire an investment under subsection (a) of this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment, the aggregate amount of all investments held by the insurer under subsection (a) of this section would exceed:
(A) One percent of its admitted assets in mortgage loans covering any one secured location;
(B) One quarter of one percent of its admitted assets in construction loans covering any one secured location; or
(C) One percent of its admitted assets in construction loans in the aggregate.
(2) An insurer shall not acquire an investment under subsection (b) of this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment and any outstanding guarantees made by the insurer in connection with the investment, the aggregate amount of investments held by the insurer under subsection (b) of this section plus the guarantees then outstanding would exceed:
(A) One percent of its admitted assets in one parcel or group of contiguous parcels of real estate; provided, that this limitation shall not apply to that portion of real estate used for the direct provision of health care services by an insurer whose insurance premiums and required statutory reserves for accident and health insurance constitute at least 95% of total premium considerations or total statutory required reserves, respectively, such as hospitals, medical clinics, medical professional buildings, or other health facilities used for the purpose of providing health services; or
(B) The lesser of 10% of its admitted assets or 40% of its surplus as regards policyholders in the aggregate as to properties that are to be improved or developed; provided, that for an insurer whose insurance premiums and required statutory reserves for accident and health insurance constitute at least 95% of total premium considerations or total statutory required reserves, respectively, this limitation shall be increased to 15% of its admitted assets in the aggregate.
(3) An insurer shall not acquire an investment under subsection (a) or (b) of this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the investment and any guarantees it has made in connection with the investment, the aggregate amount of all investments held by the insurer under subsections (a) and (b) of this section, and the guarantees then outstanding would exceed 25% of its admitted assets.
(4) The limitations of § 31-1373.03 shall not apply to an insurer's acquisition of real estate under subsection(c) of this section. An insurer shall not acquire real estate under subsection (c) of this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the acquisition, the aggregate amount of all real estate held by the insurer under subsection (c) of this section would exceed 10% of its admitted assets. With the permission of the Commissioner, additional amounts of real estate may be acquired under subsection (c) of this section.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 308, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a) An insurer may enter into securities lending, repurchase, reverse repurchase, and dollar roll transactions with business entities, subject to the requirements of this section.
(b) The insurer's board of directors shall adopt a written plan that is consistent with the requirements of the written plan in § 31-1371.04(a) that specifies guidelines and objectives to be followed, such as:
(1) A description of how cash received will be invested or used for general corporate purposes of the insurer;
(2) Operational procedures to manage interest rate risk and counterparty default risk, the conditions under which proceeds from reverse repurchase transactions may be used in the ordinary course of business, and the use of acceptable collateral in a manner that reflects the liquidity needs of the transaction; and
(3) The extent to which the insurer may engage in these transactions.
(c) The insurer shall enter into a written agreement for all transactions authorized in this section other than dollar roll transactions. The written agreement shall require that each transaction terminate no more than one year from its inception or upon the earlier demand of the insurer. The agreement shall be with the business entity counterparty; provided, that for securities lending transactions, the agreement may be with an agent acting on behalf of the insurer if:
(1) The agent is a qualified business entity;
(2) The agreement:
(A) Requires the agent to enter into separate agreements with each counterparty that are consistent with the requirements of this section; and
(B) Prohibits securities lending transactions under the agreement with the agent or its affiliates.
(d) Cash received in a transaction under this section shall be invested in accordance with this chapter and in a manner that recognizes the liquidity needs of the transaction or used by the insurer for its general corporate purposes. As long as the transaction remains outstanding, the insurer, its agent, or custodian shall maintain, as to acceptable collateral received in a transaction under this section, either physically or through the book entry systems of the Federal Reserve, Depository Trust Company, Participants Trust Company, or other securities depositories approved by the Commissioner:
(1) Possession of the acceptable collateral;
(2) A perfected security interest in the acceptable collateral; or
(3) In the case of a jurisdiction outside of the United States, title, or rights of a secured creditor, to the acceptable collateral.
(e) The limitations of §§ 31-1373.03 and 31-1373.10 shall not apply to the business entity counterparty exposure created by transactions under this section. For purposes of calculations made to determine compliance with this subsection, no effect shall be given to the insurer's future obligation to resell securities in the case of a repurchase transaction or to repurchase securities in the case of a reverse repurchase transaction. An insurer shall not enter into a transaction under this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the transaction:
(1) The aggregate amount of securities loaned to, sold to, or purchased from any one business entity counterparty under this section would exceed 5% of its admitted assets; provided, that in calculating the amount sold to or purchased from a business entity counterparty under repurchase or reverse repurchase transactions, effect may be given to netting provisions under a master written agreement; or
(2) The aggregate amount of all securities then loaned to, sold to, or purchased from all business entities under this section would exceed 40% of its admitted assets; provided, that the limitation of this subsection shall not apply to reverse repurchase transactions if the borrowing is used to meet operational liquidity requirements resulting from an officially declared catastrophe and subject to a plan approved by the Commissioner.
(f) In a securities lending transaction, the insurer shall receive acceptable collateral having a market value as of the transaction date at least equal to 102% of the market value of the securities loaned by the insurer in the transaction as of that date. If at any time the market value of the acceptable collateral is less than the market value of the loaned securities, the business entity counterparty shall be obligated to deliver additional acceptable collateral, the market value of which, together with the market value of all acceptable collateral held in connection with the transaction, at least equals 102% of the market value of the loaned securities.
(g) In a reverse repurchase transaction, other than a dollar roll transaction, the insurer shall receive acceptable collateral having a market value as of the transaction date at least equal to 95% of the market value of the securities transferred by the insurer in the transaction as of that date. If at any time the market value of the acceptable collateral is less than 95% of the market value of the securities transferred, the business entity counterparty shall be obligated to deliver additional acceptable collateral, the market value of which, together with the market value of all acceptable collateral held in connection with the transaction, equals at least 95% of the market value of the transferred securities.
(h) In a dollar roll transaction, the insurer shall receive cash in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities transferred by the insurer in the transaction as of the transaction date.
(i) In a repurchase transaction, the insurer shall receive as acceptable collateral transferred securities having a market value at least equal to 102% of the purchase price paid by the insurer for the securities. If at any time the market value of the acceptable collateral is less than 100% of the purchase price paid by the insurer, the business entity counterparty shall be obligated to provide additional acceptable collateral, the market value of which, together with the market value of all acceptable collateral held in connection with the transaction, equals at least 102% of the purchase price. Securities acquired by an insurer in a repurchase transaction shall not be sold in a reverse repurchase transaction, loaned in a securities lending transaction, or otherwise pledged.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 309, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, an insurer may acquire foreign investments, or engage in investment practices with persons of or in foreign jurisdictions, of substantially the same types as those that an insurer is permitted to acquire under this chapter, other than of the type permitted under § 31-1373.05, if, as a result and after giving effect to the investment:
(1) The aggregate amount of foreign investments held by the insurer under this subsection does not exceed 20% of its admitted assets; and
(2) The aggregate amount of foreign investments held by the insurer under this subsection in a single foreign jurisdiction does not exceed 10% of its admitted assets as to a foreign jurisdiction that has a sovereign debt rating of SVO 1 or 5% of its admitted assets as to any other foreign jurisdiction.
(b)(1) Subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, an insurer may acquire investments, or engage in investment practices denominated in foreign currencies, whether or not they are foreign investments acquired under subsection (a) of this section, or additional foreign currency exposure as a result of the termination or expiration of a hedging transaction with respect to investments denominated in a foreign currency, if:
(A) The aggregate amount of investments held by the insurer under this subsection denominated in foreign currencies does not exceed 15% of its admitted assets; and
(B) The aggregate amount of investments held by the insurer under this subsection denominated in the foreign currency of a single foreign jurisdiction does not exceed 10% of its admitted as to a foreign jurisdiction that has a sovereign debt rating of SVO 1 or 5% of its admitted assets as to any other foreign jurisdiction.
(2) For the purposes of this subsection, an investment shall not be considered denominated in a foreign currency if the acquiring insurer enters into one or more contracts in transactions permitted under § 31-1373.11 and the business entity counterparty agrees under the contract or contracts to exchange all payments made on the foreign currency denominated investment for United States currency at a rate which insulates the investment cash flow against future changes in currency exchange rates.
(c) In addition to investments permitted under subsections (a) and (b) of this section, subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03, an insurer that is authorized to do business in a foreign jurisdiction and that has outstanding insurance, annuity, or reinsurance contracts on lives or risks resident or located in that foreign jurisdiction and denominated in foreign currency of that jurisdiction, may acquire foreign investments respecting that foreign jurisdiction and investments denominated in the currency of that jurisdiction; provided, that investments made under this subsection in obligations of foreign governments, their political subdivisions, and government-sponsored enterprises shall not be subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03 if those investments carry an SVO rating of 1 or 2. The aggregate amount of investments acquired by the insurer under this subsection shall not exceed the greater of:
(1) The amount the insurer is required by law to invest in the foreign jurisdiction; or
(2) One hundred twenty-five percent of the amount of its reserves, net of reinsurance, and other obligations under the contracts.
(d) In addition to investments permitted under subsections (a) and (b) of this section, subject to the limitations set forth in § 31-1373.03, an insurer that is not authorized to do business in a foreign jurisdiction but which has outstanding insurance, annuity, or reinsurance contracts on lives or risks resident or located in a foreign jurisdiction and denominated in foreign currency of that jurisdiction may acquire foreign investments respecting that foreign jurisdiction and investments denominated in the currency of that jurisdiction; provided, that investments made under this subsection in obligations of foreign governments, their political subdivisions, and government-sponsored enterprises shall not be subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03 if those investments carry an SVO rating of 1 or 2. The aggregate amount of investments acquired by the insurer under this subsection shall not exceed 105% of the amount of its reserves, net of reinsurance, and other obligations under the contracts on risks resident or located in the foreign jurisdiction.
(e) Investments acquired under this section shall be aggregated with investments of the same types made under all other sections of this chapter, and in a similar manner, for purposes of determining compliance with the limitations, if any, contained in the other sections. Investments in obligations of foreign governments, their political subdivisions, and government-sponsored enterprises of these persons, except for those exempt under subsections (c) and (d) of this section, shall be subject to the limitations of § 31-1373.03.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 310, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a) An insurer may, directly or indirectly through an investment subsidiary, engage in derivative transactions under this section, subject to the requirements of this section.
(b)(1) An insurer may use derivative instruments under this section to engage in hedging transactions and certain income generation transactions, as these terms may be further defined in regulations promulgated by the Commissioner.
(2) An insurer shall be able to demonstrate to the Commissioner the intended hedging characteristics and the ongoing effectiveness of the derivative transaction, or combination of transactions, through cash flow testing or other appropriate analyses.
(c) An insurer may enter into hedging transactions under this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the transaction:
(1) The aggregate statement value of options, caps, floors, and warrants not attached to another financial instrument purchased and used in hedging transactions does not exceed 7.5% of its admitted assets;
(2) The aggregate statement value of options, caps, and floors written in hedging transactions does not exceed 3% of its admitted assets; and
(3) The aggregate potential exposure of collars, swaps, forwards, and futures used in hedging transactions does not exceed 6.5% of its admitted assets.
(d) An insurer may enter into the following types of income generation transactions if, as a result of and after giving effect to the transactions, the aggregate statement value of the fixed income assets that are subject to call, the face value of fixed income securities underlying a derivative instrument subject to call, and the amount of the purchase obligations under the puts, do not exceed 10% of its admitted assets:
(1) Sales of covered call options on non-callable fixed income securities, callable fixed income securities if the option expires by its terms prior to the end of the noncallable period, or derivative instruments based on fixed income securities;
(2) Sales of covered call options on equity securities if the insurer holds in its portfolio, or can immediately acquire through the exercise of options, warrants, or conversion rights already owned, the equity securities subject to call during the complete term of the call option sold; or
(3) Sales of covered puts on investments that the insurer is permitted to acquire under this chapter if the insurer has escrowed, or entered into a custodian agreement segregating, cash or cash equivalents with a market value equal to the amount of its purchase obligations under the put during the complete term of the put option sold.
(e) An insurer shall include all counterparty exposure amounts in determining compliance with the limitations of § 31-1373.03.
(f) Under regulations promulgated under § 31-1375.01, the Commissioner may approve additional transactions involving the use of derivative instruments in excess of the limits of subsection (c) of this section or for other risk management purposes under regulations promulgated by the Commissioner; provided, that replication transactions shall not be permitted for other than risk management purposes.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 311, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
(a) An insurer may acquire under this section investments, or engage in investment practices, of any kind that are not specifically prohibited by this chapter or engage in investment practices without regard to any limitation in §§ 31-1373.03 through 31-1373.10; provided, that an insurer shall not acquire an investment or engage in an investment practice under this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the transaction, the aggregate amount of the investments held by the insurer under this section would exceed the greater of:
(1) Its unrestricted surplus; or
(2) The lesser of:
(A) Ten percent of its admitted assets; or
(B) Fifty percent of its surplus as regards policyholders.
(b) An insurer shall not acquire any investment or engage in any investment practice under subsection (a)(2) of this section if, as a result of and after giving effect to the transaction the aggregate amount of all investments in any one person held by the insurer under that subsection would exceed 5% of its admitted assets.
(Apr. 11, 2003, D.C. Law 14-297, § 312, 50 DCR 330.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Legislative History of Laws
For Law 14-297, see notes following § 31-1371.01.
