As used in this chapter:
(1) The term "international student" means an individual who:
(A) Is not a citizen or national of, or lawfully admitted for permanent residence in, the United States;
(B) Does not provide evidence from the Immigration and Naturalization Service that he or she is in the United States for other than temporary purposes with the intention of becoming a citizen of, or lawfully admitted for permanent residence in, the United States; and
(C) Is not lawfully admitted for permanent residence in American Samoa, Guam, Palau (but only until the Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect), the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands.
(2) The term "construction" includes construction and initial equipment of new buildings, and expansion, remodeling, and alteration of existing buildings and equipment therein, including architect's services, but excluding off-site improvements.
(3) The term "institution of higher education" means an educational institution in any state which (A) admits as regular students only individuals having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate; (B) is legally authorized within such state to provide a program of education beyond secondary education; (C) provides an educational program for which it awards a bachelor's degree; (D) includes one or more professional or graduate schools; (E) is a public or nonprofit private institution; and (F) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association. For the purpose of subparagraph (F) of this paragraph, the Secretary shall publish a list of nationally recognized accrediting agencies or associations which the Secretary determines to be reliable authority as to the quality of training offered.
(4) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Education.
(5) The term "state" means each of the several states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau (but only until the Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect).
(6) The term "NTID" means the National Technical Institute for the Deaf.
(7) The term "University" means Gallaudet University.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 201, formerly § 401; renumbered and amended Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, §§ 101(b)(6), 131, 151(a)(3), (b), Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 734, Pub. L. 103- 73, § 204(a); Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-255, § 35(b), 44 DCR 1271.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.2a.
Legislative History of Laws
For legislative history of D.C. Law 11-255, see Historical and Statutory Notes following § 38-2401.04.
The University and NTID are authorized to receive by gift, devise, bequest, purchase, or otherwise, property, both real and personal, for the use of the University or NTID, or for the use, as appropriate, for any programs, departments, or other units as may be designated in the conveyance or will, and to hold, invest, use, or dispose of such property for the purpose stated in the conveyance or will.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 202, formerly § 402; renumbered and amended Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, §§ 101(b)(6), 132.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.2b.
(a) General Accounting Office authority. -- All financial transactions and accounts of the corporation or institution of higher education, as the case may be, in connection with the expenditure of any moneys appropriated by any law of the United States:
(1) For the benefit of Gallaudet University or for the construction of facilities for its use; or
(2) For the benefit of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf or for the construction of facilities for its use;
shall be settled and adjusted in the General Accounting Office.
(b) Independent audit. -- Gallaudet University shall have an annual independent financial audit made of the programs and activities of the University. The institution of higher education with which the Secretary has an agreement under § 38-2401.12 shall have an annual independent financial audit made of the programs and activities of such institution of higher education, including NTID, and containing specific schedules and analyses for all NTID funds, as determined by the Secretary.
(c) Limitations regarding expenditure of funds. --
(1) In general. -- No funds appropriated under this chapter for Gallaudet University, including the Kendall Demonstration Elementary School and the Model Secondary School for the Deaf, or for the National Technical Institute for the Deaf may be expended on the following:
(A) Alcoholic beverages;
(B) Goods or services for personal use;
(C) Housing and personal living expenses (but only to the extent such expenses are not required by written employment agreement);
(D) Lobbying, except that nothing in this subparagraph shall be construed to prohibit the University and NTID from educating the Congress, the Secretary, and others regarding programs, projects, and activities conducted at those institutions; or
(E) Membership in country clubs and social or dining clubs and organizations.
(2) Policies. -- (A) Not later than 180 days after October 1, 1992, the University and NTID shall develop policies, to be applied uniformly, for the allowability of expenditures for each institution. These policies should reflect the unique nature of these institutions. The principles established by the Office of Management and Budget for costs of educational institutions may be used as guidance in developing these policies. General principles relating to allowability and reasonableness of all costs associated with the operations of the institutions shall be addressed. These policies shall be submitted to the Secretary for review and comments, and to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate.
(B) Policies under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall include the following:
(i) Noninstitutional professional activities;
(ii) Fringe benefits;
(iii) Interest on loans;
(iv) Rental cost of buildings and equipment;
(v) Sabbatical leave;
(vi) Severance pay;
(vii) Travel; and
(viii) Royalties and other costs for uses of patents.
(C) The Secretary is not authorized to add items to those specified in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 203, formerly § 403; renumbered and amended Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, §§ 101(b)(6), 133; Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 732, 734, Pub. L. 103-73, §§ 202, 204(b); Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-255, § 35(c), 44 DCR 1271.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.3.
Legislative History of Laws
For legislative history of D.C. Law 11-255, see Historical and Statutory Notes following § 38-2401.04.
The Board of Trustees of Gallaudet University and the Board of Trustees or other governing body of the institution of higher education with which the Secretary has an agreement under § 38-2401.12 shall prepare and submit an annual report to the Secretary, and to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate, not later than 100 days after the end of each fiscal year, which shall include the following:
(1) The number of students during the preceding academic year who enrolled and whether these were first-time enrollments, who graduated, who found employment, or who left without completing a program of study, reported under each of the programs of the University (elementary, secondary, preparatory, undergraduate, and graduate) and of NTID;
(2) For the preceding academic year, and to the extent possible, the following data on individuals who are deaf and from minority backgrounds and who are students (at all educational levels) or employees:
(A) The number of students enrolled full- and part-time;
(B) The number of these students who completed or graduated from each of the educational programs;
(C) The disposition of these students upon graduation/completion of programs at NTID and at the University and its elementary and secondary schools in comparison to students from nonminority backgrounds;
(D) The number of students needing and receiving support services (such as tutoring and counseling) at all educational levels;
(E) The number of recruitment activities by type and location for all educational levels;
(F) Employment openings/vacancies and grade level/type of job and number of these individuals that applied and that were hired; and
(G) Strategies (such as parent groups and training classes in the development of individualized education programs) used by the elementary and secondary programs and the extension centers to reach and actively involve minority parents in the educational programs of their children who are deaf or hard of hearing and the number of parents who have been served as a result of these activities;
(3)(A) The annual audited financial statements and auditor's report of the University, as required under § 38-2402.03; and
(B) The annual audited financial statements and auditor's report of the institution of higher education with which the Secretary has an agreement under § 38-2401.12, including specific schedules and analyses for all NTID funds, as required under § 38-2402.03, and such supplementary schedules presenting financial information for NTID for the end of the Federal fiscal year as determined by the Secretary;
(4) For the preceding fiscal year, a statement showing the receipts of the University and NTID and from what federal sources, and a statement showing the expenditures of each institution by function, activity, and administrative and academic unit;
(5) A statement showing the use of funds (both corpus and income) provided by the Federal Endowment Program under § 38-2402.07a;
(6) A statement showing how such Endowment Program funds are invested, what the gains or losses (both realized and unrealized) on such investments were for the most recent fiscal year, and what changes were made in investments during that year; and
(7) Such additional information as the Secretary may consider necessary.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 204, formerly § 404; renumbered and amended Oct 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, §§ 101(b)(6), 134; Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735, Pub. L. 103-73, § 204(c).)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.4.
(a) Activities. -- The Secretary shall conduct monitoring and evaluation activities of the education programs and activities and the administrative operations of the University (including the elementary, secondary, preparatory, undergraduate, and graduate programs) and of NTID. The Secretary may also conduct studies related to the provision of preschool, elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education and other related services to individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. In carrying out the responsibilities described in this section, the Secretary is authorized to employ such consultants as may be necessary pursuant to § 3109 of Title 5, United States Code.
(b) Report. -- The Secretary, as part of the annual report required under § 426 of the Department of Education Organization Act, shall include a description of the monitoring and evaluation activities pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, together with such recommendations, including recommendations for legislation, as the Secretary may consider necessary.
(c) Authorization of appropriations. -- There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997 to carry out the monitoring and evaluation activities authorized under this section.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 205, formerly § 405; renumbered and amended Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, §§ 101(b)(6), 135(a); Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735, Pub. L. 103-73, § 204(d).)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.5.
References in Text
"Section 426 of the Department of Education Organization Act", referred to in (b), is codified at 20 U.S.C. § 3486.
Miscellaneous Notes
Secretary to submit report: Section 135(b) of Pub. L. 102-421 provided that not later than 180 days after October 1, 1992, the Secretary of Education shall submit a report to Congress regarding progress made by the Department of Education in implementing the recommendations of the Commission on Education of the Deaf pertaining to the provision of a free and appropriate public education to children who are deaf, and children who are hard of hearing, and with respect to the establishment of standards for programs and personnel to meet the educational, communicative, and psychological needs of children who are deaf, and children who are hard of hearing. In preparing this report, the Secretary of Education shall solicit input from the community of individuals who are deaf, and individuals who are hard of hearing.
(a) Designation of liaison. -- Not later than 30 days after August 4, 1986, the Secretary shall designate an individual in the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services of the Department of Education from among individuals who have experience in the education of individuals who are deaf to serve as liaison between the Department and Gallaudet University, the National Technical Institute for the Deaf, and other postsecondary educational programs for the deaf under the Education of the Handicapped Act, the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and other federal or nonfederal agencies, institutions, or organizations involved with the education or rehabilitation of individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing.
(b) Duties of liaison. -- The individual serving as liaison for educational programs for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing shall:
(1) Provide information to institutions regarding the Department's efforts directly affecting the operation of such programs by such institutions;
(2) Review research and other activities carried out by the University, NTID, and other federal or nonfederal agencies, institutions, or organizations involved with the education or rehabilitation of individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing for the purpose of determining overlap and opportunities for coordination among such entities; and
(3) Provide such support and assistance as such institutions may request and the Secretary considers appropriate.
(c) Authority of Secretary. -- Nothing in this section may be construed to affect the authority of the Secretary under this chapter or any other act with respect to Gallaudet University or the National Technical Institute for the Deaf.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 206, formerly § 406; renumbered and amended Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, §§ 101(b)(6), 136, 151(a)(4), (5); Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735, Pub. L. 103- 73, § 204(e).)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.6.
References in Text
The "Education of the Handicapped Act," referred to in subsection (a), is the Act of April 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 188, Pub. L. 91-230, Title VI, § 662(3), which is codified at 20 U.S.C. § 1401 et seq.
The "Rehabilitation Act of 1973," referred to in subsection (a), is 29 U.S.C. § 701 et seq. (September 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 355, Pub. L. 93-112).
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 207, formerly § 407; renumbered Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, § 101(b)(6); repealed Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, § 137(1).)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.7.
(a) Establishment of programs. -- (1) The Secretary and the Board of Trustees of Gallaudet University are authorized to establish the Gallaudet University Federal Endowment Fund as a permanent endowment fund, in accordance with this section, for the purpose of promoting the financial independence of the University. The Secretary and the Board of Trustees may enter into such agreements as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section with respect to the University.
(2) The Secretary and the Board of Trustees or other governing body of the institution of higher education with which the Secretary has an agreement under § 38-2401.12 are authorized to establish the National Technical Institute for the Deaf Federal Endowment Fund as a permanent endowment fund, in accordance with this section, for the purpose of promoting the financial independence of NTID. The Secretary and the Board or other governing body may enter into such agreements as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section with respect to NTID.
(b) Federal payments. -- (1) The Secretary shall, consistent with this section, make payments to the Federal endowment funds established under subsection (a) of this section from amounts appropriated under subsection (h) of this section for the fund involved.
(2) Subject to the availability of appropriations and the nonfederal matching requirements of paragraph (3) of this subsection, the Secretary shall make payments to each Federal endowment fund in amounts equal to sums contributed to the fund from nonfederal sources (excluding transfers from other endowment funds of the institution involved).
(3) Effective for fiscal year 1993 and each succeeding fiscal year, for any fiscal year in which the sums contributed to the federal endowment fund of the institution involved from nonfederal sources exceed $1,000,000, the nonfederal contribution to the federal endowment shall be $2 for each federal dollar provided in excess of $1,000,000 (excluding transfers from other endowment funds of the institution involved).
(c) Investments. --
(1) Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, the University and NTID, respectively, shall invest its federal endowment fund corpus and income in instruments and securities offered through one or more cooperative service organizations of operating educational organizations under section 501(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or in low-risk instruments and securities in which a regulated insurance company may invest under the laws of the State in which the institution involved is located.
(2) In managing the investment of its federal endowment fund, the University or NTID shall exercise the judgment and care, under the prevailing circumstances, that a person of prudence, discretion, and intelligence would exercise in the management of that person's own business affairs.
(3) Neither the University nor NTID may invest its federal endowment fund corpus or income in real estate, or in instruments or securities issued by an organization in which an executive officer, a member of the Board of Trustees of the University or of the host institution, or a member of the advisory group established under § 38-2401.12 is a controlling shareholder, director, or owner within the meaning of federal securities laws and other applicable laws. Neither the University nor NTID may assign, hypothecate, encumber, or create a lien on the federal endowment fund corpus without specific written authorization of the Secretary.
(d) Withdrawals and expenditures. -- (1) Except as provided in paragraph (3)(B) of this subsection, neither the University nor NTID may withdraw or expend any of the corpus of its federal endowment fund.
(2)(A) The University and NTID, respectively, may withdraw or expend the income of its federal endowment fund only for expenses necessary to the operation of that institution, including expenses of operations and maintenance, administration, academic and support personnel, construction and renovation, community and student services programs, technical assistance, and research.
(B) Neither the University nor NTID may withdraw or expend the income of its federal endowment fund for any commercial purpose.
(C) Beginning on October 1, 1992, the University and NTID shall maintain records of the income generated from its respective federal endowment fund for the prior fiscal year.
(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, the University and NTID, respectively, may, on an annual basis, withdraw or expend not more than 50 percent of the income generated from its federal endowment fund from the prior fiscal year.
(B) The Secretary may permit the University or NTID to withdraw or expend a portion of its federal endowment fund corpus or more than 50 percent of the income generated from its federal endowment fund from the prior fiscal year if the institution involved demonstrates, to the Secretary's satisfaction, that such withdrawal or expenditure is necessary because of:
(i) A financial emergency, such as a pending insolvency or temporary liquidity problem;
(ii) A life-threatening situation occasioned by natural disaster or arson; or
(iii) Another unusual occurrence or exigent circumstance.
(e) Investment and expenditure flexibility. -- The corpus associated with a federal payment (and its nonfederal match) made to the federal endowment fund of the University or NTID shall not be subject to the investment limitations of subsection (c)(1) of this section after 10 fiscal years following the fiscal year in which the funds are matched, and the income generated from such corpus after the tenth fiscal year described in this subsection shall not be subject to such investment limitations or to the withdrawal and expenditure limitations of subsection (d)(3) of this section.
(f) Recovery of payments. -- After notice and an opportunity for a hearing, the Secretary is authorized to recover any federal payments under this section if the University or NTID:
(1) Makes a withdrawal or expenditure of the corpus or income of its federal endowment fund that is not consistent with this section;
(2) Fails to comply with the investment standards and limitations under this section; or
(3) Fails to account properly to the Secretary concerning the investment of or expenditures from the federal endowment fund corpus or income.
(g) Definitions. -- As used in this section:
(1) The term "corpus", with respect to a federal endowment fund under this section, means an amount equal to the federal payments to such fund, amounts contributed to the fund from nonfederal sources, and appreciation from capital gains and reinvestment of income.
(2) The term "federal endowment fund" means a fund, or a tax-exempt foundation, established and maintained pursuant to this section by the University or NTID, as the case may be, for the purpose of generating income for the support of the institution involved.
(3) The term "income", with respect to a federal endowment fund under this section, means an amount equal to the dividends and interest accruing from investments of the corpus of such fund.
(4) The term "institution involved" means the University or NTID, as the case may be.
(h) Authorization of appropriations. -- (1) In the case of the University, there are authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this section such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1993 through 1997.
(2) In the case of NTID, there are authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of this section such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1993 through 1997.
(3) Amounts appropriated under paragraph (1) or (2) shall remain available until expended.
(i) Effective date. -- The provisions of this section shall take effect as if included in this Act as enacted on August 4, 1986.
(Aug. 4, 1986, Pub. L. 99-371, § 207, as added Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, § 137(2); Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735, Pub. L. 103-73, § 204(f).)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.7a.
References in Text
"Section 501(f) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986", referred to in (c)(1), is codified at 26 U.S.C. § 501(f).
"This act", referred to in (i), is Pub. L. 99-371, 100 Stat. 781, August 4, 1986.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 208, formerly § 408; renumbered Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, § 101(b)(6); repealed Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, § 137(1).)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.8.
(a) In general. -- The Secretary may make grants to institutions of higher education that have teacher training programs in deaf education or special education for the purpose of providing scholarships to individuals who are deaf for careers in deaf education or special education. Such institutions shall give priority consideration in the selection of qualified recipients of the scholarships to individuals from underrepresented backgrounds, particularly minority individuals who are deaf and who are underrepresented in the teaching profession. Grants may be used by institutions to assist in covering the cost of courses of training or study for such individuals and for establishing and maintaining fellowships or traineeships with stipends and allowances as may be determined by the Secretary.
(b) Authorization of appropriations. -- For the purpose of making grants under subsection (a), there are authorized to be appropriated $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1994 through 1997.
(Aug. 4, 1986, Pub. L. 99-371, § 208, as added Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, § 138.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.8a.
(a) Oversight activities. -- Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to diminish the oversight activities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives with respect to any agreement entered into between the Secretary of Education and Gallaudet University, and the institution of higher education with which the Secretary has an agreement under part B of subchapter I of this chapter.
(b) Construction of agreements. -- The agreements described in subsection (a) of this section shall continue in effect, to the extent that such agreements are not inconsistent with this chapter.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 209, formerly § 409; renumbered Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, § 101(b)(6); Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735, Pub. L. 103-73, § 204(g).)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.9.
(a) Enrollment. -- Effective with new admissions for academic year 1993-1994 and each succeeding academic year, the University (including preparatory, undergraduate, and graduate students) and NTID shall limit the enrollment of international students to approximately 10 percent of the total postsecondary student population enrolled respectively at the University or NTID.
(b) Tuition surcharge. -- Effective with new admissions, the tuition for postsecondary international students enrolled in the University (including preparatory, undergraduate, and graduate students) or NTID shall include a surcharge of 75% for the academic year 1993-1994 and 90 percent beginning with the academic year 1994-1995.
(c) Reduction of surcharge. -- Beginning with the academic year 1993-1994, the University or NTID may reduce the surcharge under subsection (b) of this section to 50% if:
(1) A student described under subsection (b) of this section is from a developing country;
(2) Such student is unable to pay the tuition surcharge under subsection (b) of this section; and
(3) Such student has made a good faith effort to secure aid through such student's government or other sources.
(d) Definition. -- For purposes of subsection (c), the term "developing country" means a country that has a 1990 per capita income not in excess of $4,000 in 1990 United States dollars.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 210, formerly § 410, renumbered and amended Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, § 139; Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735, Pub. L. 103-73, § 204(h); Apr. 9, 1997, D.C. Law 11-255, § 36, 44 DCR 1271.)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.10.
Legislative History of Laws
For legislative history of D.C. Law 11-255, see Historical and Statutory Notes following § 38-2401.04.
(a) Gallaudet University. -- There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1993 through 1997 to carry out the provisions of this chapter, relating to:
(1) Gallaudet University;
(2) Kendall Demonstration Elementary School; and
(3) The model secondary school for individuals who are deaf.
(b) National Technical Institute for the Deaf. -- There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1993 through 1997 to carry out the provisions of this chapter relating to the National Technical Institute for the Deaf.
(Aug. 4, 1986, 100 Stat. 781, Pub. L. 99-371, § 211, formerly § 411; renumbered and amended Oct. 1, 1992, 106 Stat. 2151, Pub. L. 102-421, §§ 101(b)(6), 140, 151(a)(4); Aug. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 735, Pub. L. 103-73, § 204(i).)
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
Prior Codifications
1981 Ed., § 31-1842.11.
